MKUltra used numerous methods to manipulate its subjects' mental states and brain functions, such as the covert administration of high doses of psychoactive drugs (especially LSD) and other chemicals, electroshocks,[5] hypnosis,[6][7] sensory deprivation, isolation, and verbal and sexual abuse, in addition to other forms of torture. One of the most well-known secret research programs is the Manhattan Project, which eventually produced the world's first atomic bombs. Under the George W. Bush administration, senior advisers to the President issued a statement indicating that if a bill containing this provision reached the President, they would recommend that he veto the bill.[55]. In late 2012, the U.S. Air Force declassified a trove of documents, including records of a secret program to build a flying saucer-type aircraft designed to shoot down Soviet bombers. To date, the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki remain the only uses of nuclear weapons in war. The operation was a field test designed to determine the feasibility of producing, storing, loading into munitions, and dispersing from aircraft the yellow fever mosquito (though these were not infected for the test) (Aedes aegypti). Wishing well used for Bronze Age 'cult rituals' discovered in Bavaria, Man holding penis and flanked by leopards is world's oldest narrative carving, This wasp uses its prickly penis to escape certain death, iPad Pro M2 review: all dressed up and nowhere to go, Rare, 'high-status' Viking burial unearthed in a garden in Oslo, The ultimate action-packed science and technology magazine bursting with exciting information about the universe, Subscribe today and get your first 3 issues for just 3" today, Engaging articles, amazing illustrations & exclusive interviews, Issues delivered straight to your door or device. President Harry Truman launched this top-secret program after World War II to recruit scientists who had worked for Nazi Germany to develop stuff for the good guys. According to the separate European Parliament report of February 2007, the CIA has conducted 1,245 flights, many of them to destinations where suspects could face torture, in violation of article 3 of the United Nations Convention Against Torture. "[65], The agency attracted widespread criticism after it used a local doctor in Pakistan to set up a hepatitis B vaccination program in Abbottabad in 2011 to obtain DNA samples from the occupants of a compound where it was suspected bin Laden was living, hoping to obtain samples from bin Laden or his children in order to confirm his presence. Fidel Castro arrives MATS Terminal, Washington, D.C. (Image credit: Warren K. Leffler, Library of Congress), The only color photograph available for the Trinity blast, taken by Los Alamos scientist and amateur photographer Jack Aeby from near Base Camp. Heres how it works. Fear of the enemy ran rampant among Americans, especially upon the sharp increase in PTSD in Korean POWs. Stanislaw Stankiewicz was a member of the ABN Central Committee. At first, everyone in Technical Services tried it; a typical experiment involved two people in a room where they observed each other for hours and took notes. (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1976), 394", "U.S. Senate: Joint Hearing before The Select Committee on Intelligence and The Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, 95th Cong., 1st Sess. [60], Another technique investigated was the intravenous administration of a barbiturate into one arm and an amphetamine into the other. These research funds were sent to Cameron by a CIA front organization, the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology, and as shown in internal CIA documents, Cameron did not know the money came from the CIA. Materials and physical methods which will produce amnesia for events preceding and during their use. In a declassified CIA document outlining the details of Operation Belladonna, we can see the United States had already made contact with Ukrainian Nationalists that were keen to ally with the Americans against the USSR, primarily through influencing the development of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (UHVR). Later admitting to the wiretapping, the CIA said 40,000 hours of telephone conversations were recorded. [38], The CIA sometimes finds itself in conflict with other parts of the government when there is disagreement over the legality of specific covert programs. "Legacy of ". In September 1946, President Harry Truman authorized a program called Operation Paperclip, which aimed to lure scientists from Nazi Germany to the United States following World War II. (Note 37) Many of these tests were conducted under the so-called MKULTRA program, established to counter perceived Soviet and Chinese advances in brainwashing techniques. The scheme, dreamed up in 1962 by the Joint Chiefs of Staff (uniformed members of the U.S. Department of Defense who advise the president and others), involved committing acts of violence against U.S. and Cuban civilians and then blaming those acts on the Cuban government, according to the NSA documents. The full Intelligence Community archive of CORONA, ARGON, and LANYARD imagery has been transferred to the public archive at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center. [27] Medical professionals were sometimes used at black sites to monitor detainee health. Indeed, as Justice Brennan observes, the United States played an instrumental role in the criminal prosecution of Nazi officials who experimented with human subjects during the Second World War, and the standards that the Nuremberg Military Tribunals developed to judge the behavior of the defendants stated that the 'voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential to satisfy moral, ethical, and legal concepts.' Among Olson's concerns were the development of assassination materials used by the CIA, the CIA's use of biological warfare materials in covert operations, experimentation with biological weapons in populated areas, collaboration with former Nazi scientists under Operation Paperclip, LSD mind-control research, and the use of psychoactive drugs during "terminal" interrogations under a program code-named Project ARTICHOKE. Under this guise, engineers built a network of underground buildings and tunnels, including living quarters, a kitchen, a recreation hall, infirmary, laboratories, supply rooms, a communications center and a nuclear power plant. Project Grudge was a short-lived program launched in 1949 to study unidentified flying objects. Get InsideHook in your inbox. Substances which increase the efficiency of mentation and perception. ", Stunning tale of brainwashing, the CIA and an unsuspecting Scots researcher, "Is Military Research Hazardous to Veterans Health? CORONA was created by a small group of CIA, Air Force and private industry experts who were tasked with finding a way to provide broad imagery coverage of the USSR to identify missile launch sites and production facilities. Project AERODYNAMIC (formerly CARTEL, ANDROGEN, AECARTHAGE), which operated 1949-1970 before being reclassified under Project named QRDYNAMIC in 1970 and finally QRDYNAMIC/QRPLUMB until 1991. Long-term debilitation and several deaths resulted from this. His "driving" experiments consisted of putting subjects into drug-induced comas for weeks at a time (up to three months in one case) while playing tape loops of noise or simple repetitive statements. Plan", "The CIA's Appalling Human Experiments With Mind Control", "Buying a Piece of Anthropology: Human Ecology and unwitting anthropological research for the CIA", "Senate MKUltra Hearing: Appendix C Documents Referring to Subprojects, (p. 167, in PDF document page numbering)", "Data shows 50s projects: Germ Testing by the CIA", "The Search for the Manchurian Candidate Chapter 4", "Sidney Gottlieb, 80, Dies; Took LSD to C.I.A. ", Rush Holt, Chairman, House Select Intelligence Oversight Panel, Committee on Appropriations[62], Congresswoman Jan Schakowsky (D, IL), Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, who called for the investigation, stated that the investigation was intended to address CIA failures to inform Congress fully or accurately about four issues: C.I.A. Cameron had been hoping to correct schizophrenia by erasing existing memories and reprogramming the psyche. One of them, Project 1794, was the creation of a flying saucer-shaped aircraft that would have been able to shoot down enemy missiles and zoom in at supersonic speeds. [5], In 1973, amid a government-wide panic caused by Watergate, CIA Director Richard Helms ordered all MKUltra files destroyed. [30], The project attempted to produce a perfect truth drug for interrogating suspected Soviet spies during the Cold War, and to explore other possibilities of mind control. Within a day the mosquitoes had bitten many people. (Image credit: National Archives and Records Administration). Subsequent orders by Presidents Carter and Reagan expanded the directive to apply to any human experimentation. !<-- Layton (2007), Whistle-Blower's Fight For Pension Drags On, The Washington Post -->, US Senate Report on CIA Detention Interrogation Program, European Parliament report of February 2007, United Nations Convention Against Torture, Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture, Official reports by the U.S. Government on the CIA, U.S. intelligence involvement with German and Japanese war criminals after World War II, CIA transnational anti-crime and anti-drug activities, CIA's relationship with the United States Military, Classified information in the United States, Freedom of Information Act (United States), Title 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations, United States and state-sponsored terrorism, United States Department of Homeland Security, "Review of 'Legacy of Ashes: The History of CIA', "Renditions: Constraints Imposed by Laws on Torture", "Obama's War on Terror May Resemble Bush's in Some Areas", "Background Paper on CIA's Combined Use of Interrogation Techniques", "New CIA Docs Detail Brutal 'Extraordinary Rendition' Process", "Remarks of Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice Upon Her Departure for Europe, 5 December 2005", "Obama preserves renditions as counter-terrorism tool", "N.Y. billing dispute reveals details of secret CIA rendition flights", "Under Obama Administration Renditionsand Secrecy Around ThemContinue", "Resolution 1507: Alleged secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states", Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, "Outsourcing Torture: The secret history of America's 'extraordinary rendition' program", "Afghan Base Hit by Attack Has Pivotal Role in Conflict", "Intelligence Reform is the President's Urgent Challenge", "A Bombshell on Pinochet's Guilt, Delivered Too Late", "Doctors Aided CIA Torture, Records Show", "CIA Made Doctors Complicit in Torture After 9/11, Report Says", "The Snowden Affair: Electronic Briefing Book No. Hacking Documents", "How the CIA Can Hack Your Phone, PC, and TV (Says WikiLeaks)", "WikiLeaks posts trove of CIA documents detailing mass hacking", "Vault 7: Wikileaks reveals details of CIA's hacks of Android, iPhone Windows, Linux, MacOS, and even Samsung TVs", "Trump's CIA Director Pompeo, Targeting WikiLeaks, Explicitly Threatens Speech and Press Freedoms", Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001, "Secret CIA Files Say Staffers Committed Sex Crimes Involving Children", All the Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror, Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency, CIA Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room, Landscapes of Secrecy: The CIA in History, Fiction and Memory, Works by or about List of CIA controversies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_CIA_controversies&oldid=1133652872, Dujmovic, Nicholas, "Drastic Actions Short of War: The Origins and Application of CIA's Covert Paramilitary Function in the Early Cold War,", This page was last edited on 14 January 2023, at 21:57. The men were dosed with LSD, the brothels were equipped with one-way mirrors, and the sessions were filmed for later viewing and study. Other highlights from the mammoth declassification include plans for the formerly top secret Berlin Tunnel (above), jokes about Soviets prepared for the agencys deputy director, and a German recipe for invisible ink. The Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA by Tim Weiner accuses the CIA of covert actions and human rights abuses. MKUltra plays a part in many conspiracy theories due to its nature and the destruction of most records. "[17], On December 30, 2009, a suicide attack occurred in the Forward Operating Base Chapman attack in the province of Khost, Afghanistan. [85] On 28 November 2012, the Olson family filed suit against the U.S. federal government for the wrongful death of Frank Olson. 2010. It funded student and cultural organizations and magazines as front organizations. On the Senate floor in 1977, Senator Ted Kennedy said: The Deputy Director of the CIA revealed that over thirty universities and institutions were involved in an "extensive testing and experimentation" program which included covert drug tests on unwitting citizens "at all social levels, high and low, native Americans and foreign." NASA Deputy Administrator Robert Seamans stands to the left of von Braun. A selection of excerpts was distributed to the press at that time. [77] These files dealt with the financing of MKUltra projects and contained few project details, but much more was learned from them than from the Inspector General's 1963 report. Kinzer gives evidence of the continuation of a Nazi agenda, citing the CIA's secret recruitment of Nazi torturers and vivisectionists to continue experimenting on thousands of subjects, and Nazis were brought to Fort Detrick, Maryland, to instruct CIA officers on the lethal uses of sarin gas. "Operation Northwoods was a proposed false flag operation against the Cuban government that originated within the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) of the United States government in 1962. The project began in 1939, and was cloaked in secrecy as physicists investigated the potential power of atomic weapons. Operation Paperclip's most famous recruit was rocket scientist Wernher von Braun, who would go on to mastermind NASA's Apollo moon missions. [68], In July 2014 CIA Director John O. Brennan had to apologize to lawmakers because five CIA employees (two lawyers and three computer specialists) had surreptitiously searched Senate Intelligence Committee files and reviewed some committee staff members' e-mail on computers that were supposed to be exclusively for congressional investigators. A cache of some 20,000 documents survived Helms's purge, as they had been incorrectly stored in a financial records building and were discovered following a FOIA request in 1977. [73] The Middle East Eye reported that two agents, Americans, who operated spy-rings within ISIS had resigned, because they "did not want to see the contacts who worked for them sacrificed due to incompetence and anti-Muslim prejudice from within Trump's inner circle." The United States Military Tribunal established the Nuremberg Code as a standard against which to judge German scientists who experimented with human subjects. [I]n defiance of this principle, military intelligence officials began surreptitiously testing chemical and biological materials, including LSD. The order stipulated that all the imagery would be declassified immediately upon transfer and be made available to the public. It is unknown whether any useful DNA was acquired from the program, but it was deemed not successful. 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